Snippit Sports Science Podcast

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       Review Eur J Sport Sci 2018 Jul;18(6):820-831. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1449895. Epub 2018 Apr 11. Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes Neil P Walsh College of Health and Behavioural Sciences , Bangor University , Bangor , UK. PMID: 29637836   DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1449895 Abstract Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15-70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in pa

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience         Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.   Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552   Abstract   In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.   Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://elite

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience         Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.   Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552   Abstract   In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.   Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://elite

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.   Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552   Abstract   In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.   Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://elitef

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       Exercise immunology: involved components and varieties in different types of physical exercise Samuel Inkabi, Giggil Pushpamithran, Paul Richter, Kwadwo Attakora Published 2017 Journal of Life Sciences Physical exercise induces modifications in the immune system influencing either positively or negatively on health depending on its frequency, duration, and intensity. Acute or moderate physical exercise increases appreciably the immune cells, including cytokine levels while decreasing other components like NK cells, leading to a stronger response to pathogens as well as decreasing liability to allergic reactions. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) is elevated as well, augmenting the positive effect. Exhaustive physical exercise, by contrast, modifies the immune system adversely. This review explores the links between physical exercise, immune cells and cytokines, and the i

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience         J Hum Kinet. 2015 Oct 14;47:189-95. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0074. eCollection 2015 Sep 29. Validation and Reliability of a Novel Test of Upper Body Isometric Strength. Bellar D, Marcus L, Judge LW. School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette LA. School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Science, Ball State University, Muncie IN. Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the association of a novel test of upper body isometric strength against a 1RM bench press measurement. Forty college age adults (n = 20 female, n = 20 male; age 22.8 ± 2.8 years; body height 171.6 ± 10.8 cm; body mass 73.5 ± 16.3 kg; body fat 23.1 ± 5.4%) volunteered for the present investigation. The participants reported to the lab on three occasions. The first visit included anthropometric measurements and familiarization with both the upper body isome

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience         Effect of Body Position on Force Production During the Isometric Midthigh Pull Beckham, George K. Sato, Kimitake Santana, Hugo A.P. Mizuguchi, Satoshi Haff, G. Gregory Stone, Michael H. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: January 2018 - Volume 32 - Issue 1 - p 48-56 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001968 Abstract Beckham, GK, Sato, K, Santana, HAP, Mizuguchi, S, Haff, GG, and Stone, MH. Effect of body position on force production during the isometric midthigh pull. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 48–56, 2018 Various body positions have been used in the scientific literature when performing the isometric midthigh pull resulting in divergent results. We evaluated force production in the isometric midthigh pull in bent (125° knee and 125° hip angles) and upright (125° knee, 145° hip angle) positions in subjects with (>6 months) and without (

Happy Easter everyone. Isometric training is very topical at the moment with the current situation that most of us are currently experiencing. Today's episode follows on the first 3 in the series of Isometric training. In particular we look at the isometric squat and how it relates to measures of strength and explosiveness. After this episode we have another 2 isometric papers to round out this series. Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.  doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000751. The use of the isometric squat as a measure of strength and explosiveness. Bazyler CD1, Beckham GK, Sato K.   J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1386-92. Abstract The isometric squat has been used to detect changes in kinetic variables as a result of training; however, controversy exists in its application to dynamic multijoint tasks. Thus, the purpose of this

  MINI REVIEW ARTICLE Front. Physiol., 13 August 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01031   Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation as a Potential Countermeasure for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Weakness During Human Spaceflight Nicola A. Maffiuletti, David A. Green, Marco Aurelio Vaz and Marlou L. Dirks Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland Space Medicine Team, HRE-OM, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany KBRwyle, Wyle Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany King’s College London, Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), London, United Kingdom Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom Human spaceflight is associated with a substantial loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) evokes involuntary muscle contractions, which have the pot

  Hi everyone, We hope you are enjoying this short mini-series Isometric Strength Training. Today's article review is the second half of last week's review on Eccentric Quasi-Isometric Training. There are some great practical applications from this podcast. In the next 3 following podcasts, Chris looks at different isometric tests and how that relates to performance.  Scientific Basis for Eccentric Quasi-Isometric Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2846-2859.  Oranchuk DJ, Storey AG, Nelson AR, Cronin JB. Abstract Oranchuk, DJ, Storey, AG, Nelson, AR, and Cronin, JB. The scientific basis for eccentric quasi-isometric resistance training: A narrative review. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2846-2859, 2019-    Eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) resistance training involves holding a submaximal, yielding isometric contraction until fatigue causes muscle lengthening and then maximally resisting through a range of motion. Practitioners contend that EQI contractions are a pow

Hi everyone, We hope you enjoyed the previous podcast, which was a great introduction into Isometric Strength Training. Today's article review is another great paper, which helps build on the fundamentals of Isometric Strength Training.  Scientific Basis for Eccentric Quasi-Isometric Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2846-2859.  Oranchuk DJ, Storey AG, Nelson AR, Cronin JB. Abstract Oranchuk, DJ, Storey, AG, Nelson, AR, and Cronin, JB. The scientific basis for eccentric quasi-isometric resistance training: A narrative review. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2846-2859, 2019- Eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) resistance training involves holding a submaximal, yielding isometric contraction until fatigue causes muscle lengthening and then maximally resisting through a range of motion. Practitioners contend that EQI contractions are a powerful tool for the development of several physical qualities important to health and sports performance. In addition, several sports inv

Hi everyone and welcome to this week's podcast. We have just finished up our short series on heat with respect to human performance. This next series of articles is looking at Isometric strength training. There appears to be a bit of good information and people out there at the moment including isometric training at present. Myself, I've also decided to incorporate long duration isometrics into my own training. Therefore to gain a better understanding of isometrics I thought of why not a better opportunity to read up on it and present it on this podcast. As a start to this series, I thought it was best to gain a better understanding of what isometric strength training is. Instead of going to an article, I've found a brilliant section out of a fantastic book, Special Strength Training Manual for Coaches which is authored by Yuri and Natalia Verkhoshansky. This is one of the classic read for all S&C coaches so if you haven't read it, I'd put it on your "to read list." The areas we cover in this includes: Wh

  Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience     Review article (meta-analysis) Do Thermal Agents Affect Range of Movement and Mechanical Properties in Soft Tissues? A Systematic Review Chris M. Bleakley PhD and Joseph T. Costello PhD Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster Sports Academy, University of Ulster, Co Antrim, Ireland Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Centre for Physical Activity and Health Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.023   Abstract Objectives To examine the effect of thermal agents on the range of movement (ROM) and mechanical properties in soft tissue and to discuss their clinical relevance. Data Sources Electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) were searched from their earliest available record up to May 2011 using Medical Subjects Headings and key words. We also undert

Hi everyone, Today's podcast is our second last in this heat series. We hope you've enjoyed this small continuous series of the role of heat in muscle physiology and performance. Passive hyperthermia reduces voluntary activation and isometric force production. Morrison S1, Sleivert GG, Cheung SS. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 May;91(5-6):729-36. Epub 2004 Mar 11. Abstract It has been suggested that a critically high body core temperature may impair central neuromuscular activation and cause fatigue. We investigated the effects of passive hyperthermia on maximal isometric force production (MVC) and voluntary activation (VA) to determine the relative roles of skin (T(sk)) and body core temperature ( T(c)) on these factors. Twenty-two males [VO(2max)=64.2 (8.9) ml x kg(-1) min(-1), body fat=8.2 (3.9)%] were seated in a knee-extension myograph, then passively heated from 37.4 to 39.4 degrees C rectal temperature (T(re)) and then cooled back to 37.4(o)C using a liquid conditioning garment. Voluntary strength and VA

Happy New Year everyone. I hope this email finds you well.  Today's podcast continues our current theme on the role of heat with respect to all things sports science. This episode looks at the role of passive heat on muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular performance outcomes. This is a review so it covers a wide breadth of quality academic articles.  We hope you enjoy it and look forward to bringing you more articles over the coming year.   Effects of Passive Heating Intervention on Muscle Hypertrophy and Neuromuscular Function: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis Objective: To synthesise the evidence on the effects of passive heating on muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function.
 Methods: Seven databases were searched using combinations of the terms: passive heating, muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function. Eligible studies included original papers using healthy animals or human samples (≥ 18 years) that have used a control group or condition. Studies involving combined interventions or applied p

  Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis Sports Medicine November 2016 Volume 46 Issue 11 pp 1699-1724 Christopher J. Tyler Tom Reeve Gary J. Hodges Stephen S. Cheung Systematic Review First Online: 22 April 2016   Abstract   Background Exercise performance and capacity are impaired in hot, compared to temperate, conditions. Heat adaptation (HA) is one intervention commonly adopted to reduce this impairment because it may induce beneficial exercise performance and physiological and perceptual adaptations. A number of investigations have been conducted on HA but, due to large methodological differences, the effectiveness of different HA regimens remain unclear.   Objectives (1) To quantify the effect of different HA regimens on exercise performance and the physiological and perceptual responses to subs

  Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis Sports Medicine November 2016 Volume 46 Issue 11 pp 1699-1724 Christopher J. Tyler Tom Reeve Gary J. Hodges Stephen S. Cheung Systematic Review First Online: 22 April 2016   Abstract   Background Exercise performance and capacity are impaired in hot, compared to temperate, conditions. Heat adaptation (HA) is one intervention commonly adopted to reduce this impairment because it may induce beneficial exercise performance and physiological and perceptual adaptations. A number of investigations have been conducted on HA but, due to large methodological differences, the effectiveness of different HA regimens remain unclear.   Objectives (1) To quantify the effect of different HA regimens on exercise performance and the physiological and perceptual responses to subs

  Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience       Sports Medicine November 2016 Volume 46 Issue 11 pp 1699–1724 The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis Christopher J. Tyler Tom Reeve Gary J. Hodges Stephen S. Cheung Systematic Review First Online: 22 April 2016   Abstract   Background Exercise performance and capacity are impaired in hot, compared to temperate, conditions. Heat adaptation (HA) is one intervention commonly adopted to reduce this impairment because it may induce beneficial exercise performance and physiological and perceptual adaptations. A number of investigations have been conducted on HA but, due to large methodological differences, the effectiveness of different HA regimens remain unclear.   Objectives (1) To quantify the effect of different HA regimens on exercise performance and the physiological and perceptual responses to su

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience     Hi everyone, This episode builds on the last one which started to look at the role that EMS can assist with strength and muscle gains.  The addition of Blood Flow Restriction with EMS prior to this paper hadn't been investigated so this was a novel investigation. As always we appreciate the support of Eliteform (www.eliteform.com) so if you are into velocity based training make sure you check them out as I am sure you'll be excited with their product.  The Effects of Blood Flow Restricted Electrostimulation on Strength and Hypertrophy. Slysz JT, Burr JF. J Sport Rehabil.2018 May 1;27(3):257-262. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0002. Epub 2018 May 22. Abstract CONTEXT: The combined effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle mass and strength has not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of combined and independent

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience     Hi everyone, We hope you've been enjoying our podcast.  If you could help us out by leaving a rating on iTunes we would really appreciate it.  Today's episode we look at the effect of Electromyostimulation (EMS) on the calf/foot musculature on sprint performance. This has a real pragmatic feel to this paper and its something that we can all trial it straight away.  As always we appreciate the support of Eliteform (www.eliteform.com) so if you are into velocity based training make sure you check them out as I am sure you'll be excited with their product.    Effect of Electrical Myostimulation on the Function of Lower Leg Muscles. Silinskas V, GrŪnovas A, Stanislovaitiene J, Buliuolis A, Trinkunas E, Poderys J.   J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Jun;31(6):1577-1584. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001594.   Abstract Electrical myostimulation (EMS) method is applied to improve skeletal muscle func